People staying in short-term rental properties should be aware that hot tubs pose a risk of developing Legionnaires’ disease. Private short-term rental properties are not subject to the same public health regulations as commercial properties.
Legionnaires’ disease results from inhalation of aerosolized Legionella bacteria from contaminated water. Hot tubs create aerosols and typically maintain water temperatures between 100°F and 104°F (38°C–40°C). This temperature is within the most favorable range for Legionella growth and also accelerates the decay of disinfectants.
The CDC has reported that nearly one in seven Legionnaires' disease patients report staying overnight at hotels, private homes, or vacation rental properties. About half of those with a travel-associated case say they soaked in a hot tub.
While most cases of Legionnaires’ disease can be treated successfully with antibiotics, approximately 10% of patients die from complications linked to the illness.
Reference
Morse M, et al. Legionnaires Disease Associated with a Private-Use Hot Tub in a Vacation Rental Property — New York, October 2024–April 2025. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2026;75:274–279.
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